UX design: eliciting a connection

In the late 1990s, a cognitive scientist named Don Norman first coined the term “user experience,” and he said:

“User experience encompasses all aspects of the end-user’s interaction with the company, its services, and its products.” – Don Norman, Cognitive Scientist & User Experience Architect, Co-founder of the Nielsen Norman Group

As mentioned, user experience (UX) encompasses the user's overall experience and feeling when using the product.

User experience (UX) design is a human-centred approach to creating products or services. This means UX design can be applied to anything a person interacts with, such as a website, app, car, toaster, or even airport check-in.

The UX designer first considers the users (a term for people who use the product). Empathy and research are key tools for a UX designer. An important part of user research is developing empathy for their specific needs. After synthesizing the data collected from the research, we can better imagine the user's shoes and design an appropriate experience for them.

UX design goes beyond digital or technology. It is about understanding the user and generating good experiences during an interaction.

How easy was it to checkout online? That can-opener you bought: how easy is it to hold on to? Does it work well even if you are left-handed? These are the types of things UX designers are concerned with.

A good user experience translates into happy customers, which helps a business achieve its end goal. UX design is vital to any successful interactive experience with a product or service.

UX is a science

UX design is driven by data. It’s a science that involves research, user interviews, stakeholder interviews, and planning. Research is crucial because, without actual data or user feedback, we are forced to make assumptions, leading to suboptimal results. We have to rely on best practices and heuristics. Best practices and heuristics apply to a point, but every product, service, and company is unique, as are its users. There is never a one-size-fits-all solution. Best practices can also change over time because they are shaped by data and experience.

“A best practice is a technique or methodology that, through experience and research, has proven to reliably lead to a desired result.” — Margaret Rouse, Whatis.com

The cost of UX

Many companies do not put a lot of value in user research and user testing. They feel they 'know their customers, so why bother spending time researching what they know? This is often an assumption that can have negative consequences.

We must remember that there is always an ‘experience’, whether good or bad when using a product or service. With a user experience designer on your team, it is far more likely the experience will be good and get even better with each iteration. Every project should include an experience design element process.

“If you think good design is expensive, you should look at the cost of bad design.” — Ralph Speth, CEO of Jaguar Land Rover

What is UI design?

UI or User Interface design focuses on a product's aesthetic styles and interactive states. Working from the UX research and wireframes, a UI designer creates the interface that a customer would use to interact with a product or service.

The UI designer works with iconography, typography, colour schemes, responsive design, brand graphics and design systems on a larger scale. They must consider what each element in an interaction looks like and how it behaves. When this is done right, the user will have an engaging and stress-free experience. A UI designer does this through rigorous adherence to graphic design principles involving spacing, contrast, scale, proximity and repetition. This is why UI designers are often thought of as graphic designers.

We could consider UI design an important subset of UX design since a good user interface will observe proper user experience practices, and a good user interface design will contribute to a good user experience.

UI design is focused

Where UX design is far more pervasive and extends to everything in and surrounding a product or service, UI design is focused on the interface that gets the customer to interact with the actual product. The UI designer wants to guide the user visually through the interface, creating an easy-to-use, easy-to-read and accessible experience.

UI and UX working together

UX research and planning inform the architecture and process, informing the user interface design. All of these shape the overall experience that a user has.

For example, the UX designer will indicate to the UI designer, through a low-fidelity wireframe, that there needs to be a sign-in form. At this stage, all the elements required to complete the sign-in flow are considered, including the voice and tone of the brand. The UI designer will take that information and turn it into a high-fidelity screen that incorporates the aesthetics of the brand and a keen eye for the principles of design.